دانشگاه لرستان مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق کوهستانی 2717-2325 مقالات آماده انتشار 2026 07 28 Systematic Interaction of Urban Mechanisms and Its Effect on the Resilience of Urban Spaces: A Case Study of Nahavand City برهم‌کنش نظام‌مند سازوکارهای شهری و اثر آن بر تاب‌آوری فضاهای شهری: مطالعه موردی شهر نهاوند 738167 10.22034/gsma.2026.2092561.1171 FA خیام کیانی دانشجو 0009-0000-0401-3659 علیرضا شیخ الاسلامی استاد 0000-0001-5047-3736 فرزانه ساسان پور استاد دانشگاه 0000-0001-6204-7806 منصوره مهرگان استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی اندیمشک گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری 0000-0001-6575-6421 Journal Article 2026 04 27 Introduction: In recent years, numerous challenges, including natural disasters, social and economic crises, and climate and environmental changes, have highlighted urban resilience as a central issue in urban planning and management. Objective: This study aims to systematically analyze the interactions among urban mechanisms and their effects on the resilience of urban spaces in Nahavand. Methods: This applied study employed a descriptive–analytical research design. Data were collected through a researcher-developed questionnaire based on the theoretical framework, incorporating the main indicators and dimensions of the study. The statistical population consisted of 50 experts in urban management, disaster management, urban planning, and urban policymaking, selected through purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in SmartPLS software. Results: The findings indicate that the resilience of urban spaces in Nahavand is a multidimensional phenomenon resulting from the simultaneous and significant interaction of social, spatial–physical, and institutional mechanisms. Conclusion: Spatial–physical mechanisms have the strongest explanatory power in enhancing the resilience of Nahavand's urban spaces and exhibit a significant relationship with urban resilience. Furthermore, social mechanisms (t = 2.64) and institutional mechanisms (t = 2.56) also make significant contributions by strengthening public trust, improving participation and social cohesion, enhancing transparency across different organizational levels, promoting institutional coordination, and increasing organizational learning capacity. Together, these mechanisms reinforce urban resilience and contribute to the long-term spatial sustainability of Nahavand.Introduction This study was conducted with the aim of systematically analyzing urban mechanisms and their effects on the resilience of urban spaces in Nahavand. Due to its geological setting, location on active fault lines, and unstable physical structure, the city of Nahavand is highly vulnerable to earthquakes and other natural hazards. Furthermore, socioeconomic challenges such as migration, unemployment, and inadequate infrastructure have further weakened the city's resilience. Therefore, a systematic analysis of urban mechanisms and their impacts on the resilience of urban spaces is an essential necessity for Nahavand. Research Methodology This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive–analytical in terms of research method. It aims to systematically examine urban mechanisms and their impacts on the resilience of urban spaces in Nahavand. The statistical population consisted of experts and specialists in the fields of urban planning, urban design, disaster management, urban geography, and social sciences. Using purposive (non-probability) sampling based on expertise, professional experience in urban affairs, and familiarity with the conditions of Nahavand, 50 experts were selected. The research data were collected from both library and field sources. Library data included domestic and international scientific literature, journal articles, reports, and documents related to urban resilience and spatial, social, and institutional mechanisms. Field data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. The questionnaire was developed based on the theoretical literature and the indicators extracted from the conceptual framework of the study. Its validity and reliability were confirmed using standard scientific methods. Content validity was assessed through expert judgment, while construct validity was evaluated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha, rho_A, and Composite Reliability (CR). Research Findings The findings indicate that the constructs demonstrate satisfactory reliability and convergent validity. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for all constructs exceeded the acceptable threshold of 0.70, confirming adequate internal consistency among the indicators. Similarly, the rho_A values indicated acceptable internal consistency across all dimensions of the study. Furthermore, the Composite Reliability (CR) values for all constructs were above 0.80, demonstrating strong construct reliability and appropriate convergent validity. Overall, the results confirm that the measurement model possesses satisfactory reliability and convergent validity for all research constructs. The structural path coefficients reveal that the social, spatial, and institutional dimensions all exert positive and statistically significant effects on the resilience of urban spaces in Nahavand. According to the bootstrap analysis, the social mechanisms dimension had a path coefficient of 0.206, a t-value of 2.646, and a p-value of 0.004, indicating a significant positive relationship with urban resilience at the 95% confidence level. Likewise, the spatial mechanisms dimension demonstrated the strongest effect, with a path coefficient of 0.247, a t-value of 3.819, and a p-value below 0.001, confirming its substantial contribution to enhancing the resilience of urban spaces. In addition, the institutional mechanisms dimension showed a path coefficient of 0.185, a t-value of 2.565, and a p-value of 0.005, indicating a positive and statistically significant impact on urban spatial resilience. Discussion and Conclusion The PLS-SEM results demonstrate that the resilience of urban spaces in Nahavand is not a one-dimensional phenomenon; rather, it is a multidimensional construct emerging from the dynamic interaction among social, spatial, and institutional mechanisms. All three dimensions simultaneously and significantly contribute to strengthening urban resilience. Although each dimension has a positive and significant influence, spatial and physical mechanisms exhibit the strongest explanatory power, highlighting the importance of spatial organization, network connectivity, land-use diversity, and the flexibility of urban spaces in improving the city's capacity to cope with and adapt to crises. At the same time, social mechanisms enhance resilience by strengthening social trust, public participation, and social cohesion, demonstrating that without active social capital, the effectiveness of physical and managerial interventions is substantially reduced. Likewise, institutional mechanisms emphasize the critical role of effective urban governance, inter-institutional coordination, transparency, and organizational learning capacity in supporting and sustaining the resilience process. Overall, the findings suggest that the resilience of Nahavand's urban spaces is not the outcome of any single dimension but rather the result of the synergy and dynamic interaction among social, spatial, and institutional mechanisms. Therefore, one-dimensional approaches are insufficient for explaining or strengthening urban resilience, and urban planning requires an integrated and systems-based perspective. Enhancing urban resilience in Nahavand requires a systemic, multidimensional, and equitable approach that promotes synergy among these dimensions, views urban spaces as platforms for social interaction and collective learning, and transforms policymaking from a static process into an adaptive and learning-oriented system. Such an approach not only improves urban efficiency but also ensures long-term sustainability and social equity in the face of future crises مقدمه: در طی سال های اخیر چالش های زیادی مانند بلایای طبیعی، بحران های اجتماعی و اقتصادی، تغییرات اقلیمی و محیطی، بحث تاب آوری فضاهای شهری به عنوان یکی از محورهای اصلی در برنامه ریزی و مدیریت شهری مطرح است. هدف : با هدف تحلیل نظام‌مندِ برهم‌کنش سازوکارهای شهری و تأثیر آن بر تاب‌آوری فضاهای شهری در نهاوند تدوین شد. روش: روش پژوهش از لحاظ روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و از نوع کاربردی است. در این پژوهش، داده ها با استفاده از چارچوب نظری در قالب پرسشنامه، مهمترین شاخص ها و ابعاد جمع آوری گردید. جامعه آماری شامل خبرگان و متخصصان حوزه های مدیریت شهری، مدیریت بحران، برنامه ریزان و سیاستگذاران شهری متشکل از 50نفر می-باشد. داده‌ها با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند گردآوری و با استفاده از مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری حداقل مربعات جزئی در نرم‌افزارهای SmartPLS تحلیل شد یافته‌ها: تاب‌آوری فضاهای شهری در نهاوند چندبعدی است و حاصل برهم‌کنش هم‌زمان و معنادار سازوکارهای اجتماعی، فضایی-کالبدی و نهادی می باشد. نتیجه گیرى: سازوکارهای فضایی-کالبدی بیشترین نقش را در تبیین تاب‌آوری فضای شهری نهاوند دارد و رابطه معناداری بین بعد فضایی-کالبدی با تاب آوری دارد. همچنین، سازوکارهای اجتماعی با مقدار ضریب مسیر 64/2 و نهادی با ضریب مسیر 56/2 به‌ترتیب با تقویت اعتماد، بهبود روند مشارکت و انسجام اجتماعی و شفافیت در سطوح مختلف ارگان های اجتماعی و همچنین هماهنگی نهادی و ظرفیت یادگیری سازمانی هم نقش زیادی در پشتیبانی و تقویت‌کننده تاب‌آوری دارند و در نتیجه باعث پایداری فضایی شهر نهاوند خواهد شد.