Introduction

Considering that the vulnerability of the physical part of the city has a direct effect on the human casualties caused by the crisis. Vulnerability is usually aggravated as a result of indiscriminate constructions in the boundaries of faults, non-compliance with rules and standards, inappropriate distribution of population and facilities in the city. Analyzing how to be resilient against threats and reducing its effects, considering the results it will bring and explaining the relationship between physical resilience and this natural hazard, seems necessary.
Physical resilience is one of the influential dimensions in the resilience of societies, through which the state of societies can be evaluated in terms of physical and geographical characteristics that are effective in the event of an accident in the time of hazards.
One of the most important natural hazards that endanger Iran is the natural phenomenon of earthquakes. According to published statistics, 170 earthquakes with high power have occurred in the world in the last hundred years, of which Iran's share was 18%. Among the cities that have a high seismic potential and the study area of ​​this research includes the city of Jajarm. Jajarm is one of the areas that is always at risk of earthquakes and has witnessed more than 16 earthquakes above 4 Richter in the last decade.
Which has always been a threat to the region. Proximity to the Jajarm fault, the Khazar fault and the North Alborz fault from the west side of the region and the Kopeh-Dagh fault in the north of Jajarm city; it has caused this region to be always exposed to earthquakes. With active faults in the heights of Kopeh-Dagh, it can be predicted that the probability of a destructive earthquake in the region is high.On the other hand, from a human point of view, there are factors such as lack of attention to the safety of buildings, the existence of dilapidated structures in most parts of the city, lack of building quality, improper design and implementation of passages, lack of plans and operational capabilities necessary for managing accidents in the response and dealing with The consequences of the accident caused resilience to be considered as an important issue, especially from the aspect of urban passages. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to Investigating the resilience of Jajarm urban passages.
 

Methodology

The current research is applied in nature, quantitative in terms of descriptive-analytical implementation. In this research, physical indicators include the ratio of the height of buildings to the width of passages, access to open space, access to service centers (fire department, hospital, etc.), quality of passages, population density, residential density, and access to passages. The main city is used. Data analysis was done in the GIS environment using the network analysis (ANP) method. In order to check the status of criteria and indicators in the studied area and the way of valuing their standardization in this place, in the form of information layers, each of the indicators has been transformed into a raster. Their evaluation method is categorized in the range of 1 to 9 in five areas from completely inappropriate to completely appropriate.
 

Results

The results showed that of the area of 438 hectares of the studied area, almost less than 6% of the area of the city has a completely suitable condition. Also, the results of the network analysis showed that the highest level of resilience is in the west and northwest of the region and the lowest in the northeast and southwest.
 

Discussion

Urban passages, as one of the physical elements of the city, play a key role during the occurrence of urban hazards and also after. The passages network is effective in the way the urban tissue functions and reacts to urban hazards, as well as the physical-spatial structure of the city. In many cases, the spatial distribution of urban elements is designed based on the structure and capacity of the communication network. Paying attention to the passages network as a single element is very important in the city's vulnerability to urban hazards. According to the results, the North-East and South-East regions have the highest vulnerability and the North-West and West regions have the lowest vulnerability. In terms of the area of ​​the area, as shown, out of 438 hectares of the studied area, almost less than 6% of the area of ​​the city has a completely suitable condition. Also, more than 50% of the area is in poor and completely poor condition. This issue shows that the city of Jajarm needs serious attention in the resilience of urban passages against earthquakes.
 

Conclusion

The quantification of urban resilience helps to better understand it by officials, policy makers and researchers to facilitate and facilitate the achievement of the ultimate goal, which is to preserve life and property and people's livelihood.
Acknowledgments
This research did not receive any specific grant. From funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.