Statistical Analysis - Synoptic a Continuity Heat Waves of Iran

Khosravi, Mahmoud; Esmaeilnejad, Morteza

doi:10.29252/gsma.1.2.19

Statistical Analysis - Synoptic a Continuity Heat Waves of Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Mahmoud Khosravi ¹

Morteza Esmaeilnejad ²

¹ Professor of Natural Geography Department, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

² Associate Professor of Geography Department, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.

10.29252/gsma.1.2.19

Abstract

Among atmospheric disasters, heat waves are the most important atmospheric disasters and a study of the annual mortality rate due to climate hazards shows that heat waves cause the highest mortality rate compared to other climatic events. In this study, the basis of calculations to identify Iran's heat waves is the networked data of the maximum temperatures of synoptic and climatic stations in Iran, which in the period (1981-2011) for each day determines the climatic conditions of the country on 7187 cells. After programming in Mat lab software, the days whose standard deviation coefficient was higher than 2 and lasted at least 2 days separated from the Iranian maximum temperature matrix by this program, determined as Iranian heat waves. Then the four-day waves, which were more widespread and frequent, were selected and analyzed. Representative day method was used to study the synoptic heat waves. Saudi low pressure (SLP) and Pakistan low pressure (PLP) were the most important systems for the occurrence of this heat wave. At the time of occurrence of these waves, a strong stability prevails in Iran, low pressure on the ground and high pressure in the upper atmosphere.

Keywords

Heat wave

Synoptic

Correlation matrix

Iran

20.1001.1.27172325.1399.1.2.3.4

۱. زرین، آذر، ۱۳۹۰، "آیا پرفشار جنب حاره تابستانه بر روی ایران زبانه‌ای از پرفشار آزورز است؟«بررسی یک نظریه»"، مجموعه مقالات کنگره ملی جغرافیدانان ایران، یازدهمین کنگره، تهران، شهید بهشتی تهران.

۲. عزیزی، قاسم، ۱۳۸۳، "تغییر اقلیم"، تهران، نشر قومس.

۳. علیجانی، بهلول، ۱۳۸۵، اقلیم شناسی سینوپتیک، تهران، انتشارات سمت، چاپ اول

۴. علیجانی، بهلول، کاوریانی، محمدرضا، ۱۳۸۵، مبانی آب و هواشناسی، تهران، انتشارات سمت.

۵. فرج‌زاده اصل، منوچهر، قائمی، هوشنگ، زرین، آذر، آزادی، مجید، ۱۳۸۸، "تحلیل الگوی فضایی پر فشار جنب حاره بر روی آسیا و آفریقا"، فصلنامه برنامه‌ریزی و آمایش فضا، دوره سیزدهم، شماره اول، پیاپی ۶۰، صص ۲۴۵ـ ۲۱۹.

۶. یارنال، برنت، ۱۳۸۵، "کاربرد اقلیم‌شناسی در مطالعات محیطی"، ترجم سید ابوالفضل مسعودیان، اصفهان، انتشارات دانشگاه اصفهان، چاپ اول.

7. Alexandre Bernardes Pezza • Peter van Rensch, 2012. Wenju Cai Severe heat waves in Southern Australia: synoptic climatology and large scale connections, Climate Dynamics, 38, 209-224. DOI 10.1007/s00382-011-1016-2.

8. Barnett A.G , S.Hajat b, A. Gasparrini b, J. Rockl¨ov. 2012. Cold and heat waves in the United States, Environmental Research: 218–224

9. Bono A, Giuliani G, Kluser S, Peduzzi P. 2004. Impacts of summer 2003 heat wave in Europe. UNEP/DEWA/GRID Eur Environ Alert Bull 2:1–4.

10. Christoph S, Gerd J. 2004. Hot news from summer 2003. Nature, 432:559–560.

11. Della Marta, P.M. and J. Luterbacher, H. von Weissenfluh, E. Xoplaki,M. Brunet, and H. Wanner , 2007, Summer heat waves over western Europe 1880–2003, their relationship to large-scale forcing and predictability, Climate Dynamics, 29:251– 275.

12. Fang, XQ., Wang AY, Fong SK, Lin WS, Liu J. 2008, Changes of reanalysis-derived Northern Hemisphere summer warm extreme indices during 1948–2006 and links with climate variability. Global and Planetary Change 63: 67–78.

13. Fischer EM, Seneviratne SI, Luthi D, Scha¨r C. 2007. Contribution of land-atmosphere coupling to recent European summer heat waves. Geophys Res Lett 34:L06707. doi:10.1029/2006GL029068

14. IPCC, 2007, Climate change (2007a) the physical science basis, Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC fourth assessment report. In: Solomon S, Qin D, and Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M.

15. IPCC, 2007b: Climate Change 2007

16. Levinson DH, Waple AM. 2004. State of climate in 2003. Bulletin of the American Meteorological society. 85: 1–72.

17. Houghton JT et al., eds. 2001. Climate change 2001: the scientific basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press

18. McGregor GR, Ferro CAT, Stephenson DB. 2005. Projected changes in extreme weather and climate events in Europe. Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses. Springer: New York.

19. Metaxas D.A., Kallos, G., 1980, Heat waves from a synoptic point of view. Rivista di Meteor. Aeronautica, 2-3, 107-119.

20. National Science and Technology Council’s Subcommittee on Disaster Reduction (SDR). 2010, Heat waves on Disaster Reduction, www.sdr.gov An element of the National Science and Technology Council, A report of the Subcommittee on Disaster Reduction.

21. National Wildlife Federation’s .2012. Extreme Heat in Summer 2010: A Window on the Future, National Wildlife Federation

22. Peter van Rensch, 2008. Wenju Cai Severe heat waves in Southern Australia: synoptic climatology and large scale connections, Climate Dynamics. DOI 10.1007/s00382-011-1016-2.

23. Philips, Adams.. 2005. Tropical Atlantic Influence on European Heat Waves, Journal of Climate, Vol 18.

24. Robinson, P. 2001. On the definition of a heat wave. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 40: 762-775

25. Seluchi, 2006, Synoptic and thermodynamic analysis of an extreme heat wave over subtropical South America, Proceedings of 8 ICSHMO, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, April 24-28, 2006, INPE, p. 2009-2010.

26. Ward, R. 1925. Climates of the United States. Ginn and Company Boston, MA.

27. Xu, Z.X., K. Takeuchi and H. Ishidaira. 2003, Monotonic trend and step changes in Japanese precipitation. Journal of Hydrology. 279:144-150.

28. Yan ZW, Yang C. 2000. Geographic patterns of climate extreme changes in China during 1951–1997. Climatic and Environmental Research 5: 267–272.