Introduction

The issue of urban green space distribution is one of the most important points, if it is inappropriate, many visual and social anomalies will affect the city and its citizens, and ultimately it will be a serious threat to the category of sustainable development. Also, misunderstanding in the location of such spaces will limit their influence and use. On the other hand, proper distribution will reduce the harmful effects of the ecological footprint.
In the current cities of the country, the formation of green spaces, especially the existing urban parks, is usually accidental; this is despite the fact that when urban parks are located and organized in a purposeful way, they are the most suitable spaces for citizens to spend their free time.
Rasht metropolis, the capital of Gilan province, as one of the big cities of the country, considering the growth rate of the population and tourism, paying attention to the way of distribution of green space uses is of special importance. Today, with the increase in the population of Rasht city and the growing trend of urban construction, we are witnessing the reduction of per capita green space and the emergence of problems caused by it. The current situation of distribution of urban green spaces shows that its distribution is not based on the criteria of urban planning principles, including spatial justice, as well as the goals of urban land use planning. Continuation of this situation has caused citizens' dissatisfaction and urban planning and management will face new problems and challenges in the future. According to the studies and reviews of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, the conventional and acceptable per capita urban green spaces in Iranian cities are between 7 and 12 square meters for each person, which has been expressed in different researches with different percentages, now according to statistics As a result, the total green area of ​​Rasht city is 153 hectares. Despite this, in different cities of the country, due to their different geographical and climatic characteristics, this figure is associated with differences, the amount of which is determined by the approved plans of each city. But it is clear that taking into account the regional climate and other existing potentials, it is expected to provide a quality green space and a pleasant environment for citizens and tourists in the city of Rasht, but these days the state of the green space in Rasht is so dire that at least It does not provide the desired citizens. Finally, it should be said that fair access to urban green spaces and its maintenance are essential components of sustainable development and social justice in Rasht city.
Therefore, in this research, it has been tried to investigate the lack of green space per capita and its lack of proper distribution in the regions of Rasht city and express its importance and position in the field of appropriate allocation of per capita and appropriate to the city and the population living in it. To examine the appropriate distribution and location of green space, taking into account sufficient space for green space and its development in the future, and to be able to introduce this city as a green city.
Therefore, the main goal of the research is to evaluate the distribution of green space in Rasht city with the approach of spatial justice.
 

Methodology

The current research is cross-sectional in terms of practical purpose, descriptive-analytical in terms of nature, and in terms of time. In order to collect data, three methods of libraries, field and maps of the existing state of the city by regions have been used.
The required information based on 2021 has been received from the Parks and Green Space Organization of Rasht Municipality. Then, by using 16 variables, 6 selected indicators were created. After the indexing stage, in order to achieve the purpose of the study, TOPSIS technique was used as a multi-indicator decision making method in SPSS software and finally, by using the Geographical Information System (GIS), the result has been drawn in the form of the development levels of the urban areas of Rasht in five levels (very well-off, well-off, medium, deprived, very deprived).
 

Results

The results showed that the average green space per capita in Rasht city is 2.086 square meters. Also, the distribution pattern of urban green space in the current situation does not have a suitable pattern. The spatial spatial distribution of parks in region 5 is not appropriate and has many deficiencies, also regions 1 and 3 in the eastern and northern sides of Rasht city, taking into account the growing trend and physical development in recent years, need to locate new green spaces; other regions (2 and 4) have a more favorable situation. In general, the areas of Rasht city have different levels of development in terms of green space.
 

Discussion

Therefore, according to the surveys and analyses, the urban areas of Rasht are divided into the following five groups in terms of prioritizing the levels of development: Very favorable areas: Among the urban areas of Rasht, region 4 has an average of 0.41. Which has the highest development score among the studied regions and thus region 4 is the first level of development. It is observed that the difference and development gap between the regions of Rasht city in terms of green space indicators is very large. Favored areas: Urban areas in the second level index in terms of selection in this analysis include area 5 with a priority coefficient of 0.32. Relatively efficient areas: includes area 2, with an average of 0.24. Excluded areas: includes area 1 in the city center. In this case, the second level is the priority of the program. Very deprived areas: among urban areas, area 3 is placed in this area with a priority coefficient of 0.11.
 

Conclusion

With the identification of the gap and the place of development of urban areas in terms of having green space, it is necessary to improve the situation with development-oriented planning. Also, in order to remove the deprivation of the less privileged areas, it is necessary to direct the existing facilities and potentials towards them.