Anholt, S. 2007. Competitive identity: The new brand management for nations, cities and regions. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ashworth, G. 2009. The instruments of place branding: How is it done? European Spatial Research and Policy, Vol.16, No.1, Pp. 9-22.
https://10.2478/v10105-009-0001-9.
Ashworth, G., & Kavaratzis, M. 2006. Beyond the logo: Brand management for cities. Journal of Brand Management, Vol.61, No.8, Pp. 36-40.
https://10.1057/palgrave.bm.2550133.
Awasthi, D. 2011. Approaches to entrepreneurship development: The Indian experience. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, Vol.2, No.1, Pp. 107-123.
Bahari, N., Aghazadeh, H., Roshandel Arbatan, T., & Sedghi, Sh. 2017. Designing a city branding model for entrepreneurial development (Case study: Germi County). Entrepreneurship Development Research Quarterly, Vol.10, No.2, Pp. 221-240. (in Persian)
https://doi.org/10.22059/jed.2017.238762.652280.
Basbeth, F., Abd Ghani, N. H., & Sedyowidodo, U. (2018, October). Smart destination branding: the need for new capability and opportunities for entrepreneurship. In 2018 International Conference on ICT for Smart Society (ICISS) (pp. 1-5). IEEE
Divandari, A., Kermanshah, A., & Akhlaghi, A. 2012. Providing a branding model for major recreational, residential, tourism, and sports projects in Iran with a localized approach. Business Research Journal, No.65, Pp. 6-27. (inPersian).
https://doi.org/ 20.1001.1.17350794.1391.17.65.2.0.
Eghbal Moghaddam, T., MohammadKazemi, R., & Zabihi, H. (2023). Designing a City Branding Model Based on Digital Entrepreneurship in Creative Industries. Urban Economics and Planning, 4(1), 6-17.
Frohlick, S. (2013). Intimate Tourism Markets: Money, Gender, and the Complexity of Erotic Exchange in a Costa Rican Caribbean Town. Anthropological Quarterly, 86(1), 133-162.
Halliday, S., & Kuenzel, S. 2008. Investigating antecedents and consequences of brand identification Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol.17, No.5, Pp. 293-304.
https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420810896059.
Hankinson, G. 2007. The management of destination brands: Five guiding principles based on recent developments in corporate branding theory. Journal of Brand Management, Vol.14, No.3, Pp. 240-254. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.bm.2550065.
Hankinson, G. 2009. Managing destination brands: Establishing a theoretical foundation. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol.25, No.1, Pp.
Hashemi, S., & Esmaeilpour, N. 2017. Tourism development planning with a branding approach: Case study of Estahban city. International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Urbanism of Contemporary Iran, Tehran. (in Persian).
Jackson, V. A., Mack, J., Matsuyama, R., Lakoma, M. D., Sullivan, A. M., Arnold, R. M., ... & Block, S. D. (2008). A qualitative study of oncologists' approaches to end-of-life care. Journal of palliative medicine, 11(6), 893-906.
Jourabi, A., & Rahmani, B. 2013. Pathology of tourism development in Nahavand County. Geography of Tourism Space, No.9, Pp. 1-17. (in Persian).
https://doi.org/10.22059/jut.2020.261368.508.
Kalvandi, R., Safikhani, K., Najafi, G., & Babakhanlo, P. (2007). Identification of medicinal plants of Hamedan province. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 23(3): 350- 374 (In Persian).
Kamalinejad, A. 2020. Nahavand County, the hub of medicinal plant cultivation in Hamadan Province. (in Persian)
Available at https://medplant.ir/33099/.
Karimzadeh, H., & Naqizadeh, R. 2024. Exploring the factors influencing rural tourism entrepreneurship: Emphasizing strategic advantages. Geography and Planning. (in Persian)
KhodaRahami, 2021. Natural Attractions of Nahavand. Cactus Scientific and Cultural Journal. (in Persian). Available at:
https://cactous.blogfa.com/category/2.
Laforet, S. 2010. Managing brands: A contemporary perspective. McGraw-Hill Education.
Maharti, Y., & Jalali, A. 2012, May. A conceptual model for entrepreneurship development in creative cities. First National Conference on Management and Entrepreneurship. (in Persian)
Manourian, M., Ardakani, M., Pourmosavi, M., & Rahimian, A. 2013. Designing a model for branding the vision of public sector management. Public Administration Journal, No.13, Pp. 35-41. (in Persian).
Morgan, N., & Pritchard, A. (2007). Meeting the destination branding challenge. In Destination branding (pp. 73-92). Routledge.
Moradi, H., & Javan, F. (2018). Factors influencing the formation of entrepreneurial economic enterprises in rural areas of Kermanshah County. Spatial Economics and Rural Development Quarterly, 7(1), 19-36. (in Persian).
Moradi, H., Javan, F., Amraei, S., & Beiranvandrad, M. (2021). The impact of rural entrepreneurship on urban peripheral spaces development of Kermanshah County. Spatial Economics and Rural Development Quarterly, 9(34), 63–82. (in Persian).
Naeimabadi, N., & Javan, F. (2021). Investigating the barriers to tourism policy-making in urban environments of Gilan Province. Journal of Urban Environment Policy, 1(3), 1–16. (in Persian).
Javan, F., & Pourgharib, B. (2024). Identifying and analyzing effective factors in the development of literary tourism in Iran. Spatial Planning, 14(1), 117–136. (in Persian).
Javan, F., & Barzegar, S. (2025). Explaining key drivers affecting the feasibility of community-based tourism in the development of peri-urban villages of Rasht metropolis. Journal of Peri-Urban Spatial Development, 6(4), 37–54. (in Persian).
Javan, F., & Mohammadi, M. (2025). Paradigmatic analysis of the structures for developing small-scale tourism businesses in rural areas of Gilan Province. Spatial Economics and Rural Development Quarterly, 13(50), 67-84. (in Persian).
Alizadeh, M., & Javan, F. (2024). Investigating local community attitudes toward urban tourism development (Case study: Khalkhal city). Journal of Urban Environment Planning, 4(16), 17–28. (in Persian).
Mousavi, N., Sepehvand, R., & Shariatzadeh, A. 2017. Explaining the components of city branding with an emphasis on tourism. Tourism and Development Quarterly, Vol.6, No.4, Pp. 160-179. (in Persian)
Nourian, F., & Mikaeili, M. 2018. Modeling the city image to determine city branding priorities: Case study of Urmia city. Fine Arts - Architecture and Urbanism Journal, Vol.23, No.1, Pp. 31-40. (in Persian).
https://doi.org/10.22059/jfaup.2018.223153.671591.
Qaderi, A., Sabouri Fard, H., & Ahmadi, Kh. 2019. Developing the tourism industry through medicinal plant production: Case study of Razavi Khorasan. National Conference on Ecotourism, Culture, and Tourism Development, Mashhad, Pp. 30-39. (in Persian).
Pazakh. SH. 2019. Complete introduction to Nahavand city in Hamadan. Eli Gasht tourism magazine. Available at: https://www.eligasht.com/Blog/travelguide
Raei, H. 2013. Brand and urban identity of Mashhad city. Mashhad Municipality. Available at:
https://hashemraei.com (in Persian).
Rahimian, A. 2017. Providing a city branding framework in Iran based on the viable systems model. Scientific and Research Journal of the Iranian Association of Architecture and Urbanism, No.197, Pp. 197-207. (in Persian).
https://doi.org/10.22059/jlib.2022.333516.1573.
Riza, M., Doratli, N., & Fasli, M. 2012. City branding and identity. Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.35, Pp. 293-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.02.091
Stel, A., Thurik, R., Verheul, I., & Baljeu, L. 2007. The relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment in Japan. Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers, Vol.3, No.7, Pp. 1-27 https://doi.org/10.22034/gp.2024.
