مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق کوهستانی

مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق کوهستانی

عوامل مؤثر بر گردشگری پایدار کشاورزی از دیدگاه خبرگان با رویکرد دلفی فازی (مورد مطالعه: استان مازندران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
گروه مدیریت جهانگردی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه مازندران، بابلسر، ایران.
10.22034/gsma.2025.2064533.1099
چکیده
هدف: هدف اصلی این پژوهش عوامل موثر بر گردشگری کشاورزی در راستای توسعه پایدار جوامع روستایی می­باشد. پژوهش حاضر به لحاظ هدف کاربردی و به لحاظ پاردایم از نوع تحقیقات آمیخته (کیفی کمی) با رویکرد اکتشافی می‌باشد.
روش: روش تحقیق در سه مرحله طراحی شده است. در مرحله اول، ابتدا به‌ منظور شناسایی و استخراج عوامل موثر بر گردشگری کشاورزی در راستای توسعه پایدار جوامع‌روستایی با بهره‌گیری از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و با در نظر گرفتن شاخص اشباع نظری داده‌ها 18 مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختارمند با خبرگان در این زمینه انجام شد. پس از انجام مصاحبه‌ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوا کیفی طی مراحل کدگذاری باز و محوری 4 عامل طبیعی و اقلیمی، انسانی و اجتماعی - فرهنگی، اقتصادی و زیرساختی و مدیریتی - نهادی شناسایی شدند. در مرحله دوم، از تکنیک دلفی فازی جهت دستیابی به توافق گروهی بین خبرگان استفاده شد. و در مرحله سوم به‌ منظور تحلیل اثرات عوامل موثر بر گردشگری پایدار کشاورزی از پرسشنامه محق‌ساخته استفاده گردید. در این مرحله سوالات پرسشنامه با توجه به بخش کیفی پژوهش و بر اساس طیف لیکرت پنج گزینه‌ای (خیلی‌زیاد تا خیلی‌کم) طراحی شد. جامعه آماری تحقیق در این مرحله عبارتند از کشاورزانی که مقصد گردشگری کشاورزی در استان مازندران بودند. بر این اساس 4 شهرستان از استان مازندارن انتخاب شدند که پتانسیل بیشتری در گردشگری کشاورزی دارند که شامل یک شهرستان از غرب استان: تنکابن، دو شهرستان از  مرکز استان: آمل و بابل و یک شهرستان از شرق استان: ساری به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده با انتساب متناسب بود که تعداد کل نمونه‌ها 320 نفر بودند
نتایج: جامعه آماری در این مرحله شامل کشاورزانی بود که مقصد گردشگری کشاورزی در استان مازندران بودند. بر این اساس، چهار شهرستان با پتانسیل بالاتر برای گردشگری کشاورزی انتخاب شدند: یکی از غرب (تنکابن)، دو شهرستان از مرکز (آمل و بابل) و یکی از شرق (ساری). از نمونه‌گیری تصادفی ساده با تخصیص متناسب استفاده شد و حجم نمونه در مجموع 320 نفر بود. نتایج نشان‌دهنده بالاترین سطح اجماع کارشناسان در مورد عوامل مؤثر بر گردشگری کشاورزی و نقش آنها در توسعه پایدار روستایی بود که شامل موارد زیر بود.
نتیجه­گیری: نتایج نشان داد که هر چهار عامل شناسایی‌شده تأثیر معناداری بر گردشگری کشاورزی پایدار دارند. این عوامل در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد با گردشگری کشاورزی پایدار رابطه مثبت و معناداری دارند.
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